Tooth N: Primary Lower Left Lateral Incisor

What is baby tooth N in FDI and Palmer notation?

Primary Lower Left Lateral Incisor tooth number

In the Universal Numbering System, primary tooth N is the primary lower left lateral incisor (primary mandibular left lateral incisor). Its FDI (ISO 3950) designation is 72 and its Palmer designation is B in the lower left quadrant. It is a incisor in the lower arch with typically 1 root.


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Tooth O: Primary Lower Left Central Incisor

What is baby tooth O in FDI and Palmer notation?

Primary Lower Left Central Incisor tooth number

In the Universal Numbering System, primary tooth O is the primary lower left central incisor (primary mandibular left central incisor). Its FDI (ISO 3950) designation is 71 and its Palmer designation is A in the lower left quadrant. It is a incisor in the lower arch with typically 1 root.

American Dental Association — Universal Numbering System

ISO 3950:2016 — Dentistry, designation system for teeth and areas of the oral cavity (FDI two-digit)

FDI World Dental Federation — two-digit notation

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Tooth P: Primary Lower Right Central Incisor

What is baby tooth P in FDI and Palmer notation?

Primary Lower Right Central Incisor tooth number

In the Universal Numbering System, primary tooth P is the primary lower right central incisor (primary mandibular right central incisor). Its FDI (ISO 3950) designation is 81 and its Palmer designation is A in the lower right quadrant. It is a incisor in the lower arch with typically 1 root.


Tooth Q: Primary Lower Right Lateral Incisor

What is baby tooth Q in FDI and Palmer notation?

Primary Lower Right Lateral Incisor tooth number

In the Universal Numbering System, primary tooth Q is the primary lower right lateral incisor (primary mandibular right lateral incisor). Its FDI (ISO 3950) designation is 82 and its Palmer designation is B in the lower right quadrant. It is a incisor in the lower arch with typically 1 root.


What is baby tooth R in FDI and Palmer notation?

In the Universal Numbering System, primary tooth R is the primary lower right canine (primary mandibular right canine). Its FDI (ISO 3950) designation is 83 and its Palmer designation is C in the lower right quadrant. It is a canine in the lower arch with typically 1 root.


Tooth S: Primary Lower Right First Molar

What is baby tooth S in FDI and Palmer notation?

Primary Lower Right First Molar tooth number

In the Universal Numbering System, primary tooth S is the primary lower right first molar (primary mandibular right first molar). Its FDI (ISO 3950) designation is 84 and its Palmer designation is D in the lower right quadrant. It is a molar in the lower arch with typically 2 roots.


Tooth T: Primary Lower Right Second Molar

What is baby tooth T in FDI and Palmer notation?

Primary Lower Right Second Molar tooth number

In the Universal Numbering System, primary tooth T is the primary lower right second molar (primary mandibular right second molar). Its FDI (ISO 3950) designation is 85 and its Palmer designation is E in the lower right quadrant. It is a molar in the lower arch with typically 2 roots.


How fast must a California dentist respond to a records request?

California dental records request deadlines for inspection, copies, and summaries.

Records request deadlines California dental law and ethics

Inspection is due within 5 working days after a proper written request. Copies are due within 15 days after the written request. A provider can use the summary route only in the narrow statutory lane; it does not erase the patient's broader access rights.

HSC section 123110 patient inspection, copies, form/format, fees, and unpaid-balance rule

HSC sections 123111 and 123130 patient addendums and record summaries


Can a California dentist withhold records because the patient has an unpaid bill?

California rule on unpaid balances and patient access to records or radiographs.

Unpaid bill and records California dental law and ethics

A billing dispute does not suspend the patient's right to inspect or receive records. Debt collection and records access run on separate tracks. If the request is otherwise valid, the office still has to meet the California records deadlines.


What is the current California breach-notice deadline for dental records incidents?

Current California breach-notice deadline after the 2026 statutory change.

Breach notice deadline California dental law and ethics

For current California prep, use the 30-calendar-day state breach-notice deadline after discovery. This is the safer answer for post-January 1, 2026 California-specific questions. Do not rely on the older 'without unreasonable delay' shortcut as the operative current California rule.

SB 446 and Civ. Code section 1798.82 California breach-notice update to a 30-calendar-day deadline effective 1/1/2026

California confidentiality overlay: CMIA and state breach law


Can the Dental Board of California demand records without ordinary patient-request timing?

California Dental Board records-demand deadlines for dentists and facilities.

Board records demands California dental law and ethics

A licensee generally has 15 days to answer a Board records request. A facility generally has 30 days to answer a Board demand in the facility lane. Do not collapse Board-demand timing into the patient 5-day and 15-day access framework.

BPC section 1611.5 Board inspection power

Board consumer FAQs including records-access guidance


Can original radiographs be sent directly to another dentist in California?

California rule on transferring original radiographs to another provider.

Radiographs transfer California dental law and ethics

The office does not have to hand the original films or images to the patient if the valid request directs them to another provider. The transfer still has to be authorized and documented in the ordinary records-access lane. The broader access right remains in place even when the transfer is provider-to-provider.


How long must a California dental office keep patient records when the office closes?

California closure-retention rules for adult and minor patient records.

Record retention on closure California dental law and ethics

Adult records must be preserved for at least 7 years after discharge. Unemancipated-minor records must be preserved for at least 1 year after age 18 and never less than 7 years. Office closure does not erase the retention floor or the owner's responsibility to manage access.

HSC section 123145 record preservation on closure


What notices and public disclosures must a California dental office post or display?

California office-notice, provider-identification, and public-disclosure rules for dentists.

Required office notices California dental law and ethics

Focus on whether California requires a consumer notice, provider identification, or license-related display in that setting. Public-facing rules often travel with fictitious names, office signage, and who is identified to the patient. The safest answer is the one that uses the actual California notice or display rule rather than generic marketing language.

BPC section 1700 current license, permit, and registration display

BPC section 1701.5 fictitious name permits

BPC section 680 nametag disclosure requirement for dental personnel


When does California require direct supervision for dental auxiliary duties?

California direct-supervision rules for auxiliary duties and delegation questions.

Direct supervision California dental law and ethics

Use the current Dental Board duties table first. Direct supervision and general supervision are not interchangeable. If the stem turns on an auxiliary duty, the current legal supervision lane matters more than old office custom.

Dental Board of California — Table of Dental Auxiliary Duties Delegable by Supervising Dentist, effective 1/1/2025 (DA/OA/DSA/RDA/RDAEF; G/D/CR notation; 16 CCR §1068 posting notice)

BPC section 1741 direct and general supervision definitions

BPC section 1750.1 dental assistant duties

BPC section 1750 dental assistant definition, BSDP, and infection-control prerequisites


What changed in California dental auxiliary duties and supervision in 2025?

Current California auxiliary-duties and supervision changes that made older prep stale in 2025.

2025 auxiliary changes California dental law and ethics

Use the current Board duties and supervision table instead of a pre-2025 chart. The update matters because California tests precise duty and supervision combinations. If an answer choice sounds familiar from an older chart, check whether the 2025 update changed that lane.


Who can consent for a minor's dental treatment in California?

California dental consent rules for minors, self-sufficient minors, emancipated minors, and relative caregivers.

Minor consent California dental law and ethics

Parents usually authorize ordinary care unless a California self-consent or surrogate lane applies. A qualifying self-sufficient minor age 15 or older can consent in that statutory lane, and an emancipated minor consents as an adult. A relative caregiver with a completed Caregiver's Authorization Affidavit can authorize medical and dental care in that separate lane.

Family Code sections 6922 and 7002/7050 minor self-consent and emancipation

Family Code section 6550 Caregiver's Authorization Affidavit for relative caregivers authorizing minor medical and dental care

Cobbs v. Grant (1972) California informed-consent material-risk and reasonable-patient framework


Who can consent for dental treatment when an adult patient lacks capacity in California?

California surrogate-authority rules for adult dental patients who lack decision-making capacity.

Impaired adult consent California dental law and ethics

Recorded surrogates, agents under advance directives or powers of attorney, conservators, and other lawful surrogate paths matter more than who is standing nearby. Spouse status alone is not the same thing as legal authority. Use the emergency exception only when the patient lacks capacity, delay would materially increase serious harm, and no lawful surrogate is reasonably available.

Probate Code sections 4683, 4711, and 4712 plus AB 2338 surrogate decisionmaker framework for adults lacking capacity

Truman v. Thomas (1980) duty to disclose material risks of refusing recommended testing or treatment


Does California dental telehealth require patient consent before the visit?

California telehealth consent rule for dental care.

Telehealth consent California dental law and ethics

Telehealth consent is a separate prerequisite, not an after-the-fact cleanup step. The consent should be obtained before the telehealth service begins. Telehealth consent does not replace the broader informed-consent analysis for the treatment itself.

BPC section 2290.5 telehealth consent and parity

BPC section 1683.1 telehealth provider identification and disclosures


Can a California telehealth dental platform require patients to waive complaints to the Dental Board?

California prohibition on telehealth complaint-waiver language for dental care.

Complaint waivers California dental law and ethics

A telehealth provider may not require a patient to waive the ability to complain to the Dental Board. This is a California-specific trap that often appears inside online-platform fact patterns. If the service agreement tries to silence Board complaints, the safer answer is that the provision is not allowed.

BPC section 1683.2 complaint-waiver prohibition


When does a California dentist have to check CURES before prescribing?

California CURES consultation timing for dentists prescribing Schedule II-IV drugs.

CURES timing California dental law and ethics

Check CURES before the first Schedule II-IV prescribing event unless a current statutory exemption applies. For ongoing treatment, California expects a re-check at least every 6 months. Use the current California exemption language before assuming the check can be skipped.

DCA CURES mandatory-consultation flyer and exemptions

BPC section 688 electronic prescribing and exemptions


What is the current California CURES exemption language dentists should study?

Current California 7-day nonrefillable exemption language for CURES-related prep.

Current CURES exemptions California dental law and ethics

Current California guidance uses 7-day nonrefillable exemption language in the relevant emergency-style lanes. Older 5-day shorthand is stale for current California prep. When a question turns on exemption wording, the number matters enough to change the safest answer.


Which rules govern infection control in a California dental office?

California infection-control framework for dental offices, including Board and Cal/OSHA layers.

Infection-control framework California dental law and ethics

Use the Board minimum standards as the dental-specific baseline. Layer Cal/OSHA bloodborne-pathogens duties on top when the facts involve exposure control, training, or workplace systems. Waste handling and exposure controls are compliance-system questions, not just chairside technique questions.

Dental Board minimum standards for infection control, 16 CCR section 1005 materials

Cal/OSHA bloodborne pathogens standard, Title 8 CCR section 5193

CDPH Medical Waste Management Program and MWMA materials

DTSC universal waste guidance including dental amalgam


What changed in California dental sedation and anesthesia permits in 2025?

Current California sedation and anesthesia permit changes effective January 1, 2025.

2025 sedation changes California dental law and ethics

Use the current Board permit framework and the 2025 alert instead of pre-2025 sedation labels. Sedation questions often combine permits, staffing, emergency readiness, and consent duties. If a familiar sedation shortcut conflicts with the current permit framework, the current framework wins.

current Board anesthesia and sedation permit framework

SB 1453 alert for anesthesia and sedation changes effective 1/1/2025

BPC section 1682 anesthesia informed consent and pediatric warning language


How many continuing-education units does a California dentist need for renewal?

California dental CE unit requirements for ordinary renewal.

CE unit count California dental law and ethics

California dentists generally need 50 CE units for renewal. Mandatory topics and current BLS expectations matter alongside the total-unit count. Permit maintenance can ride along with renewal obligations, so watch for combined questions.

continuing education, renewal, and permit-maintenance guidance


Is a California dentist's first renewal exempt from continuing education?

California first-renewal CE exemption for dentists.

First-renewal CE exemption California dental law and ethics

The first renewal is exempt from CE. This is a specific California exception, not a general rule for later renewals. If the question is about later renewal cycles, return to the ordinary 50-unit framework and current mandatory-course rules.